DESIGN: Prospective randomized single-masked parallel study

DESIGN: Prospective randomized single-masked parallel study.

METHODS: The study comprised patients

scheduled to have unilateral clear corneal cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The patients were examined preoperatively and frequently for 30 days postoperatively. The design was a noninferiority study of the 2 primary endpoints, device performance and maximum reported postoperative pain.

RESULTS: The device performance success was 78.6% (228/290) for the hydrogel bandage and 26.5% (26/98) for the corneal shield (P<.0001 for noninferiority). Analyses indicated that the hydrogel bandage was superior to the corneal shield in device performance (P<.001; difference = 52.1%; 95% confidence interval, 41.6%-61.4%). The maximum postoperative click here pain/discomfort score of the hydrogel bandage (mean 1.3 +/- 1.8 [SD]; scale 0 to 10) was noninferior to that of the corneal shield (1.1 +/- 1.6) in the first 4 hours after

surgery (P<.001). Selleckchem LDC000067 Adverse events in the cataract surgeries were reported in 22.2% (70/316) and 36.5% (38/104) of hydrogel bandage patients and corneal shield patients, respectively (P = .0045).

CONCLUSION: The hydrogel bandage was safe and effective for ocular surface protection and relief of pain/discomfort when applied topically to clear corneal incisions used in cataract or IOL implantation surgery.”
“Background: Alcohol consumption in India is disproportionately higher among poorer and socially marginalised groups, notably Scheduled Tribes (STs). We lack an understanding of STs own views with regard to alcohol, which is important for implementing appropriate interventions.

Methods: This study was undertaken with the Paniyas (a previously enslaved ST) Ro 61-8048 datasheet in a rural community in Kerala, South India. The study, nested in a participatory poverty and health assessment (PPHA). PPHA aims to enable marginalized groups to define, describe, analyze, and express their own perceptions through a combination of qualitative methods and participatory approaches (e.g. participatory mapping and ranking

exercises). We worked with 5 Paniya colonies between January and June 2008.

Results: Alcohol is viewed as a problem among the Paniyas who reported that consumption is increasing, notably among younger men. Alcohol is easily available in licensed shops and is produced illicitly in some colonies. There is evidence that local employers are using alcohol to attract Paniyas for work. Male alcohol consumption is associated with a range of social and economic consequences that are rooted in historical oppression and social discrimination.

Conclusion: Future research should examine the views of alcohol use among a variety of marginalised groups in developing countries and the different policy options available for these populations.

0086 Population differentiation based on the six chloroplast mic

0086. Population differentiation based on the six chloroplast microsatellite

markers (theta(pC) = 0.042) was small and similar to that based EPZ-6438 chemical structure on the five nuclear microsatellite markers (theta(p) = 0.054). For this set of populations, pollen and seed flow did not differ significantly from one another (pollen-to-seed flow ratio = 1.22). Capability for long distance seed dispersion and colonization of anthropogenic sites contributes to the ability of S. lycocarpum to maintain genetic diversity. Seed dispersion along dirt roads may be critical in preserving S. lycocarpum genetic diversity in fragmented landscapes.”
“Resistant starch (RS) has drawn considerable attention over the last two decades due to its demonstrated and putative positive impacts on health This has resulted in the development of a variety of analytical protocols for its determination hence a comprehensive review of SB203580 purchase methodologies for analyzing resistant starch is warranted Adding to the complexity the RS contents of starchy materials vary widely and RS levels are impacted

by processing This review compares commonly used methods for the determination of RS briefly reviews the process of starch digestion in the human and discusses the complications and challenges associated with determining RS in Liproxstatin-1 molecular weight foods (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved”
“The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness

of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root decoction vs. omeprazole and misoprostol for the treatment of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Animals were randomly assigned first to the “”prophylaxis”" and “”treatment”" groups and then to the test and the control groups. Liquorice decoction (25 ml/kg; i.g.); omeprazole (2.3 mg/kg; i.p.) and misoprostol (50 mu g/kg; i.g.) were administered for 3 consecutive days 30 min before aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.g.) administration, in the prophylaxis group. In the treatment group, aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.g.) was administered for 3 consecutive days, and then other drugs were administered at the same doses as the prophylaxis group daily for 4 weeks. According to histopathologic evaluation, misoprostol showed significant protection; however, liquorice decoction and omeprazole failed to protect. In the treatment group histopathological examinations showed no significant difference among liquorice decoction, misoprostol and omeprazole regarding aspirin-induced ulcer treatment; ulcers in all treatment groups were completely cured. The results of this study suggest that Glycyrrhiza glabra can be used for the treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers as an inexpensive alternative to misoprostol and omeprazole.

Costimulatory molecules, the important regulators of immune respo

Costimulatory molecules, the important regulators of immune responses, participate

in the regulation of liver pathology in HBV infection. However, the role of B7-H3 (CD276, a new member of B7 family) in this process has not been investigated. In this study, we INCB028050 detected abundant soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) in the plasma of patients with chronic HBV infections. The increase of the plasma B7-H3 was associated with the progression of liver cirrhosis and accompanied by decreased expression of B7-H3 on hepatocytes. The identification analysis suggests that the plasma B7-H3 might be derived from the membrane-bound B7-H3 on hepatocytes. A functional study showed that immobilized (4Ig) B7-H3Ig fusion protein could inhibit selleckchem TCR-induced proliferation and IFN-? secretion of T cells, which could be partially blocked by soluble B7-H3flag fusion protein. These results suggest that the reduced expression of B7-H3 in the livers might temper the inhibition of T-cell responses mediated by B7-H3 expressed on hepatocytes and thus promote the hepatic inflammation and hepatitis progression in the chronic HBV-infected patients.”
“We surprisingly found that, organic/organic interface had a direct and pronounced impact on optical absorption and photocurrent spectra of organic solar cell at a favorable wavelength region of the visible solar spectrum. The organic/organic interface was formed as a result of connection between coumarin 6 (C6): [6,6]-phenyl-C-61

butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend films and indium-tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) www.selleckchem.com/products/srt2104-gsk2245840.html doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrode. Optical absorption measurement was carried out for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/C6:PCBM films, while external quantum efficiency measurement was carried out for ITO/PEDOT:PSS/C6:PCBM/A1 solar cells, with varying C6:PCBM blend concentration. We found that,

the C6:PCBM blend in the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/C6:PCBM films had an additional feature in the absorption spectra at the wavelength range of 520-800 nm, at which the C6 dye, PCBM, PEDOT:PSS, and ITO were transparent. An additional feature, also, appeared in photocurrent spectra of the C6:PCBM films in the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/C6:PCBM/A1 solar cells at the same wavelength range. The new features in the optical absorption and photocurrent spectra of the investigated solar cells originated, in all probability, due to optically induced sup-band transitions in the C6:PCBM blend films at the interface with ITO/PEDOT:PSS electrode. Thus, the C6:PCBM blend films produced a charge carrier generation interface due to connection with ITO/PEDOT:PSS electrode. As a result of this charge carrier generation interface, the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding solar cell is improved. Taking into consideration these new findings, the high-band-gap organic materials will take more importance as sensitizers in organic optoelectronic applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi :10.

The variation in the resistivity was in a narrow range (14%) over

The variation in the resistivity was in a narrow range (14%) over a Si wafer. The TEM imaging revealed that the Al substituted nanowire had a bamboo-like structure with grains larger than 1.6 mu m. The electromigration activation energy was 0.72 eV, which is comparable to that of a pure Al wire with a bamboo-like

structure. The product of the critical current density and wire length was 1.3 x 10(3) A/cm at 250 degrees C; 2.1 times higher than that of a pure Al wire with a polycrystalline structure. The acceleration of electromigration due to current density was 2.0, indicating Rabusertib ic50 that incubation time dominates electromigration lifetime. The prolonged incubation time observed in the electromigration test is attributed to the reduction in electromigration-induced mass Y-27632 price transport due to the microstructure of the Al substituted nanowire. Even the formation of a small void immediately after incubation may be a fatal defect

for nanoscale Al wires. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3601345]“
“We examined a possible relationship -420C>G SNP of the resistin gene with plasma resistin and C-reactive protein concentrations in intracerebral hemorrhage. Three hundred and forty-four Chinese Han patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and 344 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in our study. Plasma resistin and C-reactive concentrations were measured and SNP -420C>G was genotyped. The genotype frequencies in controls and patients were not significantly different (P = 0.672). Plasma resistin and C-reactive protein levels were significantly different between the SNP -420C>G genotypes, even after adjustment for age, gender and body mass index. The common homozygote (C-C) had the lowest resistin and C-reactive protein plasma concentrations; the plasma resistin and C-reactive protein concentrations in the heterozygote (C-G) and the rare allele homozygote (G-G) did

not differ significantly. Plasma resistin levels were significantly associated with plasma C-reactive protein level. We conclude that SNP -420C>G of the resistin gene could be involved in the inflammatory component of intracerebral hemorrhage selleck chemicals through enhanced production of resistin.”
“For selected indications, coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography is an established clinical technology for evaluation in patients suspected of having or known to have coronary artery disease. In coronary CT angiography, image quality is highly dependent on heart rate, with heart rate reduction to less than 60 beats per minute being important for both image quality and radiation dose reduction, especially when single-source CT scanners are used. beta-Blockers are the first-line option for short-term reduction of heart rate prior to coronary CT angiography. In recent years, multiple beta-blocker administration protocols with oral and/or intravenous application have been proposed.


“We describe here a novel hybrid organic/inorganic nanocom


“We describe here a novel hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposite of hexahexyloxytriphenylene (HAT6) which is a columnar discotic liquid crystal and gold tetrachloride, an inorganic dopant. showing enhanced dc and JNJ-26481585 datasheet ac electrical conductivity by several orders of magnitude at ambient conditions vis-a-vis the respective pure components. The composites at appropriate concentrations of the dopants retain the columnar hexagonal phase, which is confirmed by polarizing

optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and x-ray scattering techniques. The UV-vis spectral studies show that the composites absorb in the entire visible range due to the formation of radical cations of the discotic molecules. making it a potential candidate for solar cell applications. (C) 2009 American Institute of CP-456773 manufacturer Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3248342]“
“Aim:

To discuss the management

of the uncommon situation of metastatic gastrointestinal tumour coexisting with pregnancy.

Method:

We describe two cases of women with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who successfully achieved a full-term pregnancy without complications and with the delivery of healthy infants. In both cases, treatment with imatinib mesylate was withheld during pregnancy because of its unknown effects and questionable safety for the developing fetus. The available data in the medical literature regarding the use and safety of imatinib and pregnancy are reviewed. We also examine whether the knowledge of the exon mutational status would have influenced treatment decisions.

Results:

Both women had wild type GIST, but with different tumor growth characteristics,

treatment responses and outcomes. The first patient deferred imatinib therapy to fall pregnant and her disease progressed rapidly off treatment. The second patient had a more indolent GIST where active surgical management allowed her to experience a long durable clinical response. She potentially belongs to a pediatric subgroup which carries a LOXO-101 better prognosis despite being off imatinib.

Conclusion:

While we have successfully managed two pregnant women with metastatic GIST, the issue of initiating imatinib therapy in treatment-naive women, and treatment interruption in women already on therapy, remain difficult areas. Patients and their partners need to make an informed choice regarding the associated risks and the potential long-term sequelae if pregnancies are contemplated. Further research into the natural history of wild type GIST and how to tailor subsequent treatment are needed.”
“We have studied the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical transport and magnetic properties of La1.32Sr1.68Mn2O7 layered manganite up to 25 kbars. At ambient pressure, the Compound exhibits a ferromagnetic transition accompanied by a metal-insulator transition (T-MI(1)) at 1.18 K.

(C) 2012 Elsevier B V All rights reserved “
“P>Only 2 ca

(C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“P>Only 2 cases of Campylobacter bacteremia have been reported in Selleckchem Citarinostat renal transplant recipients, to our knowledge, with both resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a 56-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with brief diarrheal illness followed by Campylobacter jejuni bacteremia. She remained asymptomatic for 5 days after initial presentation despite positive blood cultures. She was treated with levofloxacin for a total of 4 weeks and, fortunately, did not develop any complications. C. jejuni should be considered in the differential diagnosis

as a potential cause of bacteremia in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients presenting with diarrheal illness.”
“Background: Alzheimer’s selleck chemicals disease (AD) neuropathology likely begins decades before clinical symptoms are manifested. Investigations

on the early stages of the amyloid pathology are crucial for the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers or new therapeutic targets. Our transgenic (tg) animal models are most suitable to study early AD pathological events, as the pathology evolves in a well-staged manner, starting with intracellular A beta accumulation and ending with plaque deposition. Objective: To determine the occurrence of key inflammatory markers and to look for signs of nerve growth factor (NGF) dysmetabolism at preplaque and postplaque stages in tg models of AD-like amyloid pathology and in human AD brains. Methods: We used our own tg lines (mice and rat), high-quality human

brain material and applied neurochemical and immunohistochemical experimental approaches. Results: In both tg models, we observed an intracellular accumulation of oligomeric A beta in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. This coincided with an upregulation of key inflammatory markers (iNOS, MHCII, COX-2) and a recruitment of microglia towards A beta-burdened neurons. Using human AD brains, we showed alterations in the NGF metabolic pathway, which were mirrored in our tg rat model Selleck PFTα at early and late stages of amyloid plaque generation. Conclusion: A proinflammatory process and, consequently, the deregulation of the NGF metabolic pathway could be amongst the earliest pathological events in the progression of AD. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“To prospectively evaluate the performance of virtual non-calcium (VNC) dual-energy CT (DECT) images for the demonstration of trauma-related abnormal marrow attenuation in collapsed and non-collapsed vertebral compression fractures (VCF) with MRI as a reference standard.

Twenty patients presenting with non-tumoral VCF were consecutively and prospectively included in this IRB-approved study, and underwent MRI and DECT of the spine. MR examination served as a reference standard.

Subjects with high CPR showed significantly lower MHPG levels tha

Subjects with high CPR showed significantly lower MHPG levels than subjects with low CPR, and no differences in 5-HIAA or HVA

levels. Higher frequencies of women were found in the subgroups with high CPR. The “”crying easily”" score was positively associated with the Interpersonal Sensitivity subscale of the SCL-90 questionnaire in female but not in male subjects, indicating the cultural dimension of crying behavior, while it was not associated with the Depression subscale score. It is suggested that central noradrenergic mechanisms control the threshold for tear production in normal crying behavior. (The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2011; 23:403-408)”
“Prestrained InGaN layers with different indium composition were grown by metalorganic Bucladesine Others inhibitor chemical vapor deposition as an interlayer before the BVD-523 manufacturer growth of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) in laser diode structures. The strain relaxation of the MQWs with different indium composition prestrained InGaN interlayer was investigated by the

grazing incidence x-ray diffraction method. Comparing to the low indium composition (about 3%) case, the strain relaxation occurred in the sample with high indium composition (about 10%) prestrained interlayer. The piezoelectric field in the MQW is also proved to be much smaller after inserting a high indium composition prestrained InGaN interlayer by a measurement of photoluminescence (PL) peak shift as a function of reverse bias voltage, indicating a reduction of the quantum-confined https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2835219.html Stark effect (QCSE). Room temperature PL and temperature-dependent PL measurements showed that the PL intensity at 300 K and the internal quantum efficiency of the MQW sample with high indium composition prestrained interlayer were increased by 123% and 177%, respectively, compared with

the low indium composition case. Therefore, the prestrained InGaN interlayer containing high indium composition is beneficial to the strain relaxation in the MQW layer and the enhancement of light emission efficiency due to the reduction of QCSE. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3569848]“
“CD133(+) prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) have recently been identified in human prostate cancer tissues. The present study reports the integrin profile of prostate cancer progenitor cells and the role of alpha(1) and beta(1) integrins in the homing and differentiation of PCSCs in vitro. PCSCs were isolated from the tissue specimens of patients with prostate cancer and the expression of surface integrins and adhesion patterns were determined. Our analysis of the expression of surface integrins and their adhesion patterns of prostate cancer stem cells derived from prostate cancer tissues revealed that the levels of beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) integrins were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the other integrins.

05) No significant difference was observed in Groups D and E Bu

05). No significant difference was observed in Groups D and E. But high-dose dexamethasone monotherapy have a high risk

of side effects. The results suggest Teff and CD4+CD25+Treg play important roles in the corneal allograft rejection.”
“The coercivity of isotropic Dy-coated Nd-Fe-B flakes was enhanced by crystallization and simultaneous diffusion of Dy from their surfaces. Amorphous Dy-coated Nd-Fe-B flakes were crystallized by heating them to 923 K 2over a 2 min period followed by rapid cooling. During crystallization, the Dy on the surface diffused into the flakes. This low-temperature rapid annealing produced flakes with fine grains and the Dy diffusion enhanced their coercivity. The coercivity after crystallization increased with increasing Dy selleck compound layer thickness, although the

remanence decreased when the layer thickness exceeded 3 mu m. Thick coatings of over 6 mu m resulted in the formation of DyFe2, which degraded the magnetic properties of the crystallized flakes. Flakes with a 3-mu m-thick coating exhibited excellent magnetic Epigenetic inhibitor clinical trial properties after annealing: They had a coercivity of 1880 kA/m and a remanence of 78 emu/g. This coercivity is approximately 500 kA/m higher than that of uncoated flakes, whereas the remanence is comparable to that of uncoated flakes. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3549604]“
“The classification of plastics is

very important in the recycling industry. A quick online classification allows the installation of the equipment in this line of work. Whether qualitative or quantitative analysis, the basic component of any laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurement is the emission spectrum recorder from single plasma. Each fire of the laser atomizes a portion of the sample in the pulse focal volume and produces plasma that excites and re-excites the atoms to emit light. The plasma light is collected and recorded in an ensuing measurement. In this sense, Napabucasin inhibitor the LIBS technique offers all possible advantages: speed, the possibility of online analysis, nondestructive analysis, and so on. In this article, we discuss details related to the analysis of the emission spectrum. The plastics used in this study were low-density polyethylene (PE), high-density PE, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Hierarchical cluster analysis was proven to be the best method because the four polymers could be divided into two clusters, which allowed their identification and classification in a fast and easy way that could be carried out with commercial software and could be implanted online in a recycling factory, as conventional data analysis techniques are limited to the qualitative identification and calculation of elemental abundances.

This is one such case report documenting arterial thrombosis in a

This is one such case report documenting arterial thrombosis in a 37-year-old male with a subsequently

identified heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation.

Factor V Leiden mutation is a contributing risk factor in cases of small bowel infarction.”
“BackgroundBK virus (BKV)-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a severe complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Cidofovir (CDV) has emerged as an effective agent for the treatment of BKV OICR-9429 purchase nephropathy, but its use for BKV-HC in pediatric HSCT recipients has not yet been established as a standard therapy.

Patient and methodsWe retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of CDV therapy for patients with BKV-HC at a single institution and analyzed the clinical management outcomes.

ResultsFrom find more April 2009 to July 2011, 12 patients developed BKV-HC at a median of 37days after transplant (range 15-59days). The cumulative incidence was 9% and the median peak of the urine BKV load was 2.5×10(10) copies/mL (range 1.4×10(9)-1.2×10(11) copies/mL). Eleven patients received intravenous CDV (5mg/kg/dose, with probenecid), whereas 1 patient received CDV (5mg/kg/dose, without probenecid) intravesically. The median duration of therapy was 25days (range 9-73days), and a median of 2 doses was given (range 1-4). A reduction of 1 log in the BKV load was found

in 11 patients, while 1 patient did not have any significant change in BKV load. Clinical improvement was observed in all cases, and no HC-related death was observed. CDV-related Z-DEVD-FMK in vitro toxicity occurred in 1 patient (8%) and spontaneously resolved.

ConclusionsCDV appears to be an effective and safe treatment for BKV-HC in pediatric HSCT recipients, but prospective trials are warranted to support its use.”
“A series of new thiazolyl chalcones, 1-[2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-3-aryl-prop-2-en-1-one were prepared by piperidine mediated Claisen-Schmidt condensation of thiazolyl ketone with aromatic aldehyde. These chalcones on cyclisation

gave 2-amino-6-(2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-4-aryl-4H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-6-(2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-4-aryl-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile. The result showed that the compounds exhibited marked potency as antimicrobial agents.”
“Spontaneous rapid resolution of acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a rare phenomenon for this severe insult after head trauma.

We present a 22-year-old patient who developed ASDH with a moderate midline shift and compression of lateral ventricle after a truncal collision but without a direct beat on the head. Conservative management was performed under close monitoring because of unexpected improvement of clinical signs and symptoms. Unexpectedly, the ASDH resolved spontaneously within 13 h after the trauma, and he was discharged 1 week later without any neurological deficit. In addition, similar cases reported in literature were reviewed.

The most frequently cited motive for abuse is improved academic a

The most frequently cited motive for abuse is improved academic achievement via neurocognitive enhancement. Our aim in reviewing the literature was to identify neurocognitive effects of prescription stimulants in non-ADHD youth.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted for youth aged 12-25 years using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Fourteen papers were included.

Results

Modafinil

appears to improve reaction time (P <= 0.04), logical reasoning (P <= 0.05) and problem-solving. Methylphenidate appears to improve performance in novel tasks and attention-based tasks (P <= 0.05), and reduces planning latency in more complex tasks (P <= 0.05). Amphetamine has been shown to improve consolidation of information (0.02 >= P <= 0.05), leading to improved recall. Across all three types of prescription stimulants, research shows Temsirolimus https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Fludarabine(Fludara).html improved attention with lack of consensus on whether these improvements are limited to simple versus complex tasks in varying youth populations.

Conclusions

The heterogeneity of the non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth population, the variation in cognitive task characteristics and lack of replication of studies makes assessing the potential global neurocognitive

benefits of stimulants among non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth difficult; however, some youth may derive benefit in specific cognitive domains.”
“Scleredema diabeticorum

is an uncommon condition. It is one of the cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus that mainly MK-8776 Cell Cycle inhibitor occurs in obese middle-aged men with insulin-resistant diabetes. This condition is generally recalcitrant to therapy. Various treatments have been tried with inconsistent results. Here, we describe two cases of scleredema diabeticorum with substantial clinical improvement from a course of medium dose (60 J/cm(2)) ultraviolet A1 radiation therapy.”
“To compare the number of oocytes per follicles in ovulation induction with 10,000 IU urinary hCG (uhCG) and two different doses of recombinant hCG (rhCG) in women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.

This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial which was performed on 180 primary infertile women undergoing ICSI cycles. All eligible patients underwent a standard GnRH-a long protocol. When at least two follicles reached a diameter of 18 mm, all patients were randomized to receive 10,000 IU urinary hCG or 250 mu g recombinant hCG or 500 mu g recombinant hCG for ovulation induction. Primary outcome measure included the number of oocytes retrieved per aspirated follicles. Secondary outcome measures were the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of mature oocytes, the number and quality of generated embryos, fertilization rate, implantation rate, chemical and clinical pregnancy rates and OHSS occurrence rate.

The mean number of retrieved oocytes per follicles were 71.82 +/- 15.09, 69.