The mean hospital stay was 15.4 days. Figure 1 Tear Gas Shell used to disperse the mob. Results The patients’ age ranged from 10 to 28 years (Mean

21.4 years). All of them were males. The patients were received in the Emergency Department within 20 minutes to 4 hours of injuries caused by tear gas shells. Mean delay was 2.3 hours. All the patients were revascularised within 6 hours of injury. Brachial artery was the most Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical common artery injured followed by popliteal artery (table 1). All patients were diagnosed clinically as all of them had severe signs of vascular injury (table 1). All of them were managed by reverse saphenous vein graft. All the patients had sellectchem extensive soft tissue damage in areas www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib(STI571).html surrounding the injured artery (figure 2). All of them needed either grafting or flap cover for soft tissue Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical defect. Associated skeletal trauma was present in 22.22% of the patients. Nerve injury was present in 33.33% of the patients (table 2). Half of them were repaired primarily. The next half was tagged only for future identification. Nine out of 18 patients developed postoperative complications. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Wound infection was the most common (n=4, 22.22%) complication followed by bleeding from anastomosis

site and (n=1, 5.55%) and thrombosis of the graft (n=1, 5.55%). Amputation rate was 16.66%. Four (22.22%) had associated fracture and 14 (77.77%) were without associated fracture. In two (50%) of the patients with associated fracture the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical limbs were salvaged, and in 13 (92.58%) of patients without fracture the limbs were salvaged. Ten patients had severe functional loss because of severe trauma to the neurovascular bundle. Table 1 The number and

rate of presenting symptoms and involved arteries in patients with vascular injuries cased by tear gas shells Figure 2 Two ends of vessel are dissected free for reverse saphenous vein grafting. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Table 2 Other organ injuries associated with vascular injures in patients* exposed to tear gas shells Discussion Vascular injury due to tear gas shell injury is rare as the motive behind their use is to disperse the masses rather than to injure them. Most of vascular injuries are caused by penetrating injuries or road traffic accidents. Most of Anacetrapib data on vascular trauma is from major wars such as World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Gulf War I and Gulf War II as well as low level civil wars in Middle East, Yugoslavia, Russian Republic, Kashmir and Central Africa. Murphy in 1896 did the first successful end to end vascular anastomosis in man.3 The successful repair of vascular injuries in Korean conflict is a pleasant contrast to the experience of World War II, because of substantial progress in techniques of vascular repair accompanied by the improvement in anaesthesia, blood transfusion and use of antibiotics.1,2 Vascular injuries due to tear gas shells (figure 1) have a characteristic feature of being accompanied by gross destruction of surrounding soft tissues.