We randomly assigned 31 primary-care ART clinics to implement the STRETCH programme (intervention group) or to continue with standard care (control group). The ratio of randomisation

depended on how many clinics were in each of nine strata. Two cohorts were enrolled: SB202190 research buy eligible patients in cohort 1 were adults (aged >= 16 years) with CD4 counts of 350 cells per mu L or less who were not receiving ART; those in cohort 2 were adults who had already received ART for at least 6 months and were being treated at enrolment. The primary outcome in cohort 1 was time to death (superiority analysis). The primary outcome in cohort 2 was the proportion with undetectable viral loads (<400 copies per mL) 12 months after enrolment (equivalence analysis, prespecified difference <6%). Patients and clinicians could not be masked to group assignment. The interim analysis was blind, but data analysts were not masked after the database was locked for final analysis. Analyses were done by

intention to treat. selleck screening library This trial is registered, number ISRCTN46836853.\n\nFindings 5390 patients in cohort 1 and 3029 in cohort 2 were in the intervention group, and 3862 in cohort 1 and 3202 in cohort 2 were in the control group. Median follow-up was 16.3 months (IQR 12.2-18.0) in cohort 1 and 18.0 months (18.0-18.0) in cohort 2. In cohort 1, 997 (20%) of 4943 patients analysed in the intervention group and 747 (19%) of 3862 in the control group with known vital status at the end of the trial had died. Time to death did not differ (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.76-1.15). In a preplanned subgroup analysis of

patients with baseline CD4 counts of 201-350 cells per mu L, mortality was slightly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (0.73, 0.54-1.00; p=0.052), but it did not diff er between groups in patients with baseline CD4 of 200 cells per mu L or less (0.94, 0.76-1.15; p=0.577). In cohort 2, viral load suppression 12 months after enrolment was equivalent in intervention (2156 [71%] of 3029 patients) and control groups (2230 [70%] of 3202; risk difference 1.1%, 95% CI-2.4 to 4.6).\n\nInterpretation Expansion of primary-care nurses’ roles to include ART initiation and represcription Omipalisib can be done safely, and improve health outcomes and quality of care, but might not reduce time to ART or mortality.”
“This work studied the bioremediation of weathered crude oil (WCO) in coastal sediment samples using central composite face centered design (CCFD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Initial oil concentration, biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were used as independent variables (factors) and oil removal as dependent variable (response) in a 60 days trial. A statistically significant model for WCO removal was obtained. The coefficient of determination (R(2)=0.9732) and probability value (P<0.0001) demonstrated significance for the regression model.