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“The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of shallow traps on the signals from Al(2)O(3):C,Mg obtained using time-resolved optically stimulated luminescence (TR-OSL) measurements through experiments and numerical simulations. TR-OSL measurements of Al(2)O(3):C,Mg were carried out and the resulting optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) curves were investigated as
a function of the temperature. The numerical simulations were carried out using the rate-equations for a simplified model of Al(2)O(3):C,Mg containing two types of luminescence centers with different luminescence lifetimes and three types of electron PFTα Apoptosis inhibitor traps (a shallow trap, a main dosimetric trap, and a thermally disconnected deep trap). Both experimental results and simulations show that the OSL signals during and between the stimulation pulses are affected
by the presence of shallow traps. However, with an appropriate choice of timing parameters, the influence of shallow traps 4EGI-1 can be reduced by calculating the difference between the signals during and between stimulation pulses. Therefore, TR-OSL can be useful in dosimetry using materials having a large concentration of shallow traps and OSL components with short luminescence lifetimes, for example Al(2)O(3):C,Mg and BeO. Our results also show that the presence of shallow traps has to be taken into account when using the TR-OSL for discrimination between luminescence centers with different luminescence lifetimes, or separation between the OSL from different materials based on their characteristic luminescence lifetimes. The experimental results also show evidence of thermal assistance in the OSL process of Al(2)O(3):C,Mg. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3584791]“
“Background:
Comparative studies on dietary patterns and long-term mortality are sparse.
Objective: The objective was to examine the relations between 10-y mortality and adherence to the World Health Organization dietary guidelines [Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI)], a Mediterranean-like diet, and a carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diet in elderly Swedish men.
Design: Dietary habits were determined by 7-d dietary records in a population-based this website longitudinal study of 924 Swedish men (age: 71 +/- 1 y). The HDI score (-1 to 8 points), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS; 0-8 points), and the CR score (2-20 points) were calculated for each participant. Nonadequate reporters of energy intake were identified (n = 413). Mortality was registered during a median follow-up of 10.2 y. Cox proportional hazards regression, with multivariable adjustments, was used to determine the effects of adherence to each dietary pattern.
Results: Two hundred fifteen and 88 subjects died of all-cause and cardiovascular disease, respectively. In all individuals, risk relations to mortality for each SD increment in the scores were observed for only MDS, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.