The local and long range structural measurements were complemented by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. With respect to the Mn sites in YMnO3 and HoMnO3, we find no large atomic (bond distances or thermal factors), electronic structure changes, or rehybridization on crossing T-FE from local structural methods. The local symmetry about the Mn sites is preserved. With respect to the local structure about the Ho sites, a reduction of the average Ho-O bond with increased temperature is found. Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations

on HoMnO3 reveal the detailed motions of all ions. Above similar to 900 K there are large displacements of the Ho, O3, and O4 ions along the z axis which reduce the buckling of the MnO3/O4 planes. The changes Galardin result in O3/O4 ions moving to toward central points between pairs of Ho ions on the z axis. These structural changes make the coordination of Ho sites more symmetric thus extinguishing the electric polarization. At significantly higher temperatures, rotation of the MnO5 polyhedra occurs without a significant change in electric polarization. The Born effective charge tensor is found to be highly anisotropic

at the O sites but does not change appreciably at high temperatures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656698]“
“The FeFET, based on epitaxial perovskite heterostructures, is termed an OxiM. It showed persistent interfacial conduction even when the ferroelectric polarization curve was swinging on a minor loop and also Stattic purchase showed good controllability of drain current using pulse voltages. A neuron circuit composed of OxiMs and an op-amp BMS-777607 molecular weight adder circuit showed that the gain of the neuron circuit could also be modulated smoothly by means of pulse voltages. Using a numerical model of the neuron circuit, we simulated the learning process for “”exclusive OR”" and achieved a good convergence characteristic. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3653830]“
“Biomolecular function is realized by

recognition, and increasing evidence shows that recognition is determined not only by structure but also by flexibility and dynamics. We explored a biomolecular recognition process that involves a major conformational change -protein folding. In particular, we explore the binding-induced folding of IA3, an intrinsically disordered protein that blocks the active site cleft of the yeast aspartic proteinase saccharopepsin (YPrA) by folding its own N-terminal residues into an amphipathic alpha helix. We developed a multi-scaled approach that explores the underlying mechanism by combining structure-based molecular dynamics simulations at the residue level with a stochastic path method at the atomic level. Both the free energy profile and the associated kinetic paths reveal a common scheme whereby IA3 binds to its target enzyme prior to folding itself into a helix.