The first case series of THA for INFH in HIV-positive patients was published in the early 21st Century and showed higher rates of subsequent infection and prosthesis complications than in the rest of the population. In 2003,

a study by Parvizi et al. was published of 21 HIV-infected patients who underwent total hip replacement surgery between 1979 and 1998; all the patients died within 10 years of follow-up, with 13 re-interventions and six cases of deep infection [22]. A very similar study, carried out by Christopher Lehman et al. in 29 HIV-positive patients who underwent surgery between 1983 buy Tofacitinib and 1995, also showed that this poor prognosis was even worse in patients with IDU antecedents [21]. More recent studies in the HAART era, however, have revealed lower infection rates in HIV-positive

patients, but none of them compared the results with those for non-HIV-infected patients [28-33]. In 2005, Craig Mahoney et al. reported their results for a group of 40 HIV-infected patients in whom acute infection rates in the immediate postoperative stage had been lower than expected [28]. Palbociclib mouse In 2008, Haberman et al. reported a series of 55 cases of THA in HIV-positive individuals; postoperative complications appeared mainly in patients with a difficult social background [29]. Also in 2008, Bahebeck et al. carried out a prospective study in the hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon, in HIV-positive patients Florfenicol with CD4 counts >500 cells/μl without HAART and those with CD4 counts <500 cells/μl with HAART who underwent any traumatological intervention. In this study, postsurgical infection rates in HIV-infected patients were similar to those seen in non-HIV-infected patients, but HIV-infected patients need extended antibiotic prophylaxis [30]. INFH is a relatively infrequent THA indication [34]. According to the literature, 70% of all cases of necrosis of the femoral head are bilateral

[35] and some authors even claim that these are always bilateral, although not always symptomatic. In our study, 61% of patients in the HIV-positive group and 55% of patients in the control group had been diagnosed with bilateral necrosis. We did, however, find differences between the two groups in the involvement of other joints. HIV-infected patients had been more frequently diagnosed with osteonecrosis in areas other than the hip, such as the humeral head, femoral condyle or tibia and talus. Dudkiewicz et al. established that the aetiology of INFH did not affect initial THA results [36]. However, in cases in which INFH was induced by corticoid treatment, the longevity of the implant appeared more limited. In our study we found that there were no significant differences in the delay in INFH diagnosis, time spent in surgery, duration of hospitalitzation or the functional outcome of arthroplasty.