The Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerstrom, 1991), a 6-item scale with fair internal consistency (�� = .61), measured tobacco dependence. Participants self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 8 weeks and 6 months postquit, and participants�� self-reported abstinence was biochemically verified (CO < 10) Vandetanib hypothyroidism in the Efficacy trial but not in the Effectiveness trial. Participants who did not provide outcome information were assumed to be smoking, using the intent-to-treat principle. Analytic plan Analyses were conducted using PASW Statistics 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL).

For each trial, we compared smoking cessation outcome and group differences in dependence and other smoking factors for: (a) men (coded as 0) versus women (coded as 1), (b) Whites (coded as 0) versus Blacks (coded as 1; smokers who reported other racial identities were excluded from race analyses), and (c) smokers with less than a high school education (HS; coded as 3). Only the Efficacy trial collected data on medication usage, so only that sample was included in medication adherence analyses. The first series of analyses was designed to examine cessation success using three cessation outcomes as the dependent variables: initial cessation (i.e., the ability to remain smoke-free for at least 24 hr during the first 7 days following the target quit day��data collected in the Efficacy sample only) and point prevalence abstinence at 8 weeks and 6 months postquit.

For the logistic regression analyses designed to determine whether there were group differences in abstinence (e.g., men vs. women, Whites vs. Blacks), we used treatment condition as a covariate and then included the group of interest (i.e., gender, race, or education) as a predictor. To assess the predictive power of gender, race, and education status, we also examined how well these groups predicted outcome when they were all included simultaneously as predictors in logistic regression models. To assess treatment response among the specific groups, we combined the datasets from the two trials to Batimastat increase sample size and statistical power. We first conducted chi-square analyses to assess group differences in 8-week and 6-month cessation outcomes for each of the five treatments. To control for Type 1 error, these analyses were evaluated using a Bonferroni-corrected p = .003 (.05/15 comparisons��five treatment conditions for each of the three groups). Second, we used logistic regression to examine treatment effects (monotherapy vs. combination therapy) for women only, Blacks only, and smokers with less than a high school education.