The electronic states of the 3d(5) (Mn2+) electrons in the K2SiF6: Mn2+ phosphor are identified together with those of the 3d(3) (Mn4+) electrons in the conventional K2SiF6:Mn4+ red phosphor. The temperature-dependent photoluminescent properties are explained by the Erastin chemical structure aid of the electronic energy-band diagram of K2SiF6 with taking into account the effects of thermal emission of electrons in the Mn2+ excited states. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3481856]“
“Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test in comparison to urine cytology for the detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Patients and Methods: Patients with

transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (n = 34) and patients with renal calculosis (n = 25) were included in this study. Voided urine samples and separated catheter urine specimens were assayed for NMP22 and cytological examination. Results: The sensitivity of the NMP22 test in separated and voided urine was 73.2 and 70.5%, respectively, compared to 64.7 and 58.8% of urine cytology. The specificity of the NMP22 test in

separated and voided urine was 88 and 92%, respectively, compared to 96 and 96% of urine cytology. The combination of separated and voided urine is the best method because the sensitivity is 79.41% and specificity 88%. There is a high agreement learn more of the NMP22 test in voided and separated urine (kappa = 0.795, p < 0.01), indicating that the voided urine is adequate for diagnosis. Conclusions: The NMP22 test has higher sensitivity but lower specificity than cytology. The combination of these two tests could be a very useful diagnostic method for detection of upper urothelial tumors. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Recent JAK inhibitor studies have identified broadband phenomena in the electric potentials produced by the brain. We report the finding of power-law scaling in these signals using subdural electrocorticographic recordings from the surface of human cortex. The power spectral density (PSD)

of the electric potential has the power-law form P(f)similar to Af = (chi) from 80 to 500 Hz. This scaling index, chi = 4.0 +/- 0.1, is conserved across subjects, area in the cortex, and local neural activity levels. The shape of the PSD does not change with increases in local cortical activity, but the amplitude, A, increases. We observe a “”knee”" in the spectra at f(0) similar or equal to 75Hz, implying the existence of a characteristic time scale tau = (2 pi f(0))(-1) similar or equal to 2-4ms. Below f(0), we explore two-power-law forms of the PSD, and demonstrate that there are activity-related fluctuations in the amplitude of a power-law process lying beneath the alpha/beta rhythms. Finally, we illustrate through simulation how, small-scale, simplified neuronal models could lead to these power-law observations.