.. Table 1 Classification and general features of L. arenae DSM 19593T according to the MIGS recommendations [16] published by the Genome Standards Consortium FTY720 order [17]. Morphology and physiology Cells of strain GA2-M15T are Gram-negative short rods (0.7-1.2 ��m in width and 1.2-2.4 ��m in length) and contain a polar flagellum for motility [1], [Figure 2]. Polyhydroxybutyrate is accumulated in the cells. Colonies are deep-brown, circular and contain clear margins. Cells are catalase and oxidase positive [1]. Growth occurs at 5-35 ��C with an optimum at 30 ��C. Cells were successfully grown on marine agar (MA), nutrient agar (NA, weak growth), salt tolerance agar (STA, containing 1% (w/v) tryptone, 0.3% (w/v) yeast extract and 1.5% (w/v) agar supplemented with salts) as well as on basal medium agar (BMA, recipe after [1]).
No growth was observed on Reasoner��s 2A agar (R2A), trypticase soy agar (TSA) or MacConkey agar. The salinity range for growth is 0.85�C8% NaCl (w/v), but the strain does not grow below 0.34% or at above 10% NaCl (w/v). The pH range for growth is pH 6�C9 with an optimum at pH 7 [1]. Figure 2 Micrograph of L. arenae DSM 19593T. Cells hydrolyze aesculin and tyrosine weakly, but do not show any hydrolysis of alginic acid, casein, chitin, CM-cellulose, DNA, gelatin, pectin, starch or urea [1]. They assimilate citrate, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-glutamate, glycerol, ��-hydroxybutyrate, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melibiose, propionate, pyruvate, L-serine, L-tyrosine and D-xylose, but not L-alanine, L-arabinose, L-aspartate, cellobiose, glycine, L-histidine, lactose, L-leucine, maltose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, sucrose, L-threonine or trehalose.
Cells are positive for ��-galactosidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, ��-glucosidase and ��-glucosidase, but negative for indole production, arginine dihydrolase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase (C14), valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, ��-chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, ��-galactosidase, ��-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-��-glucosaminidase, ��-mannosidase and ��-fucosidase [1]. The substrate utilization and resistance patterns of L. arenae DSM 19593T were also determined for this study using Generation-III microplates in an OmniLog phenotyping device (BIOLOG Inc., Hayward, CA, USA).
The microplates were inoculated at 28��C with a cell suspension at a cell density of 95-96% turbidity and dye IF-A. Further additives were vitamin, micronutrient and sea salt solutions. Brefeldin_A The exported measurement data were further analyzed with the opm package for R [26,27], using its functionality for statistically estimating parameters from the respiration curves such as the maximum height, and automatically translating these values into negative, ambiguous, and positive reactions.