Survival of patients was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots A to

Survival of patients was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots. A total of 146 patients

were followed for a mean of 58 months.

Results. see more Fifty-six (34%) patients developed severe HCV disease and showed shorter survival (P < 0.024). Donor age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.06) and pre-transplant viral load (VL) > 106 UI/mL (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.42-10.61) were the only factors associated with severe HCV infection. Overimmunosuppression (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.41) was specifically associated with the development of FCH. Overall, patient survival in recipients who received a full course of anti-HCV therapy was higher than in patients who did not complete antiviral therapy (P = 0.004) or received no treatment (P = 0.007). Patients with non-severe HCV infection have a higher probability of receiving a full course of antiviral therapy (P = 0.033).

Conclusion. In conclusion, donor age, pre-transplant

VL, and overimmunosuppression were selleck screening library associated with the long-term development of severe HCV recurrence in liver grafts. Administration of a full course of antiviral therapy was associated with better survival.”
“Worldwide sales of biologic drugs exceeded US$92 billion in 2009. With many biopharmaceutical patents expiring over the next decade, a wave of second-generation or ‘follow-on’ biologics will be vying for market share and regulatory approval. Patents cover not only the drugs, but also the molecular modalities that facilitate their high-level expression. Companies selleck products have historically relied on gene amplification to create productive cell lines, yet this lengthy and imprecise process usually leads to extensive variation and unpredictable stability of expression. Biosimilar manufacturers must therefore decide whether traditional methods of cell line development will suffice or if emerging technologies can provide greater

reproducibility and speed. Volumetric yields of 1-2 g L(-1) are adequate for most production processes and the focus has shifted towards reliable and predicable product quality attributes over maximum possible titres. Recent advances in this area include cell lines with targeted genetic modifications, alternative production hosts such as PER.C6 (R) or yeast, and engineered expression vectors, including the UCOE (TM) and Selexis platforms. Host cell engineering, single-use technologies, and rapid transient gene expression are also likely to be enablers of biosimilars. Given the well-known biologics industry mantra ‘the process defines the product’, it remains to be seen how novel cell line development strategies will affect product equivalence and regulatory approval in a biosimilars context. Some recent advances in the field and how they relate to biosimilars are explored. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Background: Radiographic landmarks for medial knee attachment sites during anatomic repairs or reconstructions are unknown.

Comments are closed.