Similar problems were detected by Rantanen et al. (2008) when studying work–family conflict and job exhaustion over a 6-year time period. However, to assure that our results are

due to actual change over time, we used a parsimonious approach to test longitudinal invariance before testing our models. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies in the field, which are often conducted within female-dominated work domains, such as professions within the healthcare sector, we used a national representative data set including a wide range of occupations and professions. Hence, gender dominance should be balanced out and results are generalizable to all kinds of occupational groups as well as groups in society.

BIBF1120 Conclusions Based on our results, selleck chemicals we draw the conclusion that the three constructs under investigation were interrelated, which may imply that negative spiral effects can be found between performance-based self-esteem and emotional exhaustion as well as between work–family conflict and performance-based self-esteem. This has an impact on emotional well-being, in such a way that emotional exhaustion might influence health negatively and increase the risk for burnout in the long run. To prevent emotional exhaustion and unhealthy strivings for performance and success in order to increase one’s feelings of self-worth, it seems to be important to reduce the this website individuals’ perceptions of imbalance between work and non-work. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Swedish Council or Working life (FAS, Grant No. 2005-0734, Grant No. 2008-0958 and Grant No. 2009-1077) and the Swedish

Research Council (VR, Grant No. 2009-6192). The study was in part funded by the Stockholm Stress Center, a FAS Centre of Excellence (FAS, Grant No. 2009-1758). The funding sources were neither involved in the conduct of the research nor the preparation of the article. We want to thank Dr. Martin Hyde for proofreading the article. Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in buy Cetuximab any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. References Akaike H (1987) Factor analysis and the AIC. Psychometrika 52:317–332CrossRef Albertsen K, Rugulies R, Garde AH, Burr H (2010) The effect of the work environment and performance-based self-esteem on cognitive stress symptoms among Danish knowledge workers. Scand J Public Health 38(3 Suppl):81–89. doi:10.​1177/​1403494809352104​ CrossRef Alfredsson L et al (2002) Job strain and major risk factors for coronary heart disease among employed males and females in a Swedish study on work, lipids and fibrinogen.