Rivastigmine was administered to male rats at 2 mg/kg by IN and IV route. Drug concentration, AChE and BuChE activity were measured in the plasma, central nervous system (CNS) regions i.e. olfactory region, hippocampus, cerebrum and cerebellum, and peripheral tissues. It was determined that rivastigmine was characterized by extremely rapid and

complete absorption into the systemic circulation followed by a rapid decline in the plasma concentrations, and can also quickly distribute into CNS and peripheral tissues by the two routes. IN administration showed higher concentration in CNS regions and longer action on inhibiting the activity of AChE and BuChE than IV administration. More significant decrease of the two enzymes was observed in CNS regions Selleckchem Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library than in peripheral tissues for both administrations. A close relationship

was found between the concentration of rivastigmine and enzyme click here inhibition in plasma and CNS tissues in rats. Based on these findings, it was concluded that rivastigmine could cause relatively strong inhibition of AChE and BuChE in plasma and brain tissues, especially in hippocampus, cortex and cerebrum. The pharmacodynamics was closely related to its concentration in vivo. The intranasal route can be strategy for delivering the drug into brain.”
“The patient was a 54-year-old woman who developed a right adrenal tumour, Cushingoid features, elevated levels of cortisol that were not suppressed by 1 nor 8mg of dexamethasone, and suppression of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) during treatment for severe hypertension. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a right adrenal tumour and an atrophic

left adrenal gland. ACY-1215 mouse In addition, elevated plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) with an aldoster-one-to-renin ratio of 128 (ng per 100ml per ngml(-1)h(-1)) suggested aldosterone excess. Urinary excretion of aldosterone was relatively high, and the captopril and rapid ACTH tests resulted in no response of PRA and exaggerated increase in PAC, respectively. ACTH-loaded adrenal venous sampling showed bilateral excess of aldosterone with right predominance of cortisol. Right laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy (ADX) and immunohistochemical analysis showed both a cortisol-producing adenoma and an aldosterone-producing microadenoma (microAPA) within the attached adrenal, which had not been detected by CT preoperatively. After the right partial ADX, her blood pressure, aldosterone level and suppressed PRA remained unchanged. Subsequently, laparoscopic total left ADX was performed. Two microAPAs with paradoxical hyperplasia were revealed within the apparently atrophic left adrenal gland. Soon after the second surgery, her blood pressure normalized without requiring any anti-hypertensive medication. Journal of Human Hypertension (2011) 25, 114-121; doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.