Rician noise and in vivo motion data obtained from DENSE acquisition are added to the simulated cardiac DW images to produce motion-induced datasets. An algorithm based on principal components analysis filtering and temporal maximum intensity projection (PCATMIP) is used to compensate for motion-induced signal loss. Diffusion tensor parameters derived from motion-reduced DW images are compared to those derived from the original simulated DW images. Finally, to assess cardiac motion

effects on in vivo fiber architecture, in vivo cardiac DTI data processed by PCATMIP are compared to those obtained from one trigger delay (TD) or one single phase acquisition. The results showed that cardiac motion

produced overestimated fractional anisotropy Selleck MK-8931 and mean diffusivity as well as a narrower range of fiber angles. The combined use of shifted TD acquisitions and postprocessing based on image registration and PCATMIP effectively improved the quality of in vivo DW images and subsequently, the measurement Selleckchem HIF inhibitor accuracy of fiber architecture properties. This suggests new solutions to the problems associated with obtaining in vivo human myocardial fiber architecture properties in clinical conditions.”
“Purpose of review

Osteoporosis is a growing problem worldwide, with the greatest burden resulting from fractures. Currently available are several treatment options that are effective in reducing fracture AZD6244 order risk. Patient adherence to these medications is required for benefit to be seen. Yet, similar to other chronic asymptomatic diseases, adherence to osteoporosis therapies is poor. The reasons for suboptimal adherence are multiple but

include fear of possible side effects, dosing requirements, and an unwillingness to take a medication for a ‘silent’ disease. Poor adherence leads to reduced effectiveness, increased morbidity, and increased medical costs.

Recent findings

Efforts to improve adherence to osteoporosis treatments are ongoing. The first obstacle in improving adherence to osteoporosis treatments is determining causes of poor adherence. Despite several identifiable causes, improving adherence is difficult. Passive patient education with printed information alone does not appear very effective. Physician-patient interaction, including discussion of bone mineral density results, discussion of osteoporosis medication benefits, and feedback of treatment effects, may be more effective.

Summary

Improved patient education, better tolerated and less frequently dosed medications, and more healthcare provider-patient interaction may improve adherence and lead to greater fracture reduction.”
“Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are effective procedures to alleviate pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).