pylori infection should be excluded to make a diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. The distinct role of H. pylori eradication in the management of functional dyspepsia in Asia has also been discussed in this report. First, there is a tendency of superior symptom response to H. pylori eradication observed in Asian patients. Second, H. pylori eradication offers the additional benefit of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer prevention. Further studies are required to evaluate the possible specific role of H. pylori

in the pathogenesis of dyspepsia, as well as the appropriateness of excluding H. pylori infection for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia in Asia. While there are highlights in this report, there are also a number of shortcomings. This report has exposed the weakness of evidence in many aspects of functional learn more dyspepsia in Asia. There is a lack of data on the pathophysiology and genetic predisposition in Asian patients. Some of the recommendations on the management of functional dyspepsia are largely opinion-based and empirical. Recommendations on the use of herbal medicine and dietary modification are mainly opinion-based descriptions of the current practice rather than evidence-based recommendations. Unfortunately,

the Delphi process of voting failed to eliminate those statements based on weak evidence or personal experience, which should be discouraged if this consensus report is meant to provide guidance

on clinical practice in this region. GS 1101 Although a number of unresolved issues have been raised, the report provides little future perspective and directions for research in functional dyspepsia. In fact, there are several areas that deserve further studies. For example, there is a need of validation studies of Rome criteria in Asian populations owing to the vast cultural and linguistic differences. The value and cost-effectiveness of “test-and-treat” strategy in Asia needs to be revisited in the context of decline in H. pylori infection and poor predictive value of alarm symptoms. Last but not least, there is demand for more epidemiological studies on the risk factors and clinical trials on various treatment modalities that are specific for Asian populations. In conclusion, this consensus report is a breakthrough in the arena of functional dyspepsia and it CYTH4 highlights the major differences in many aspects of functional dyspepsia between East and West. Yet, we are looking forward to more high quality scientific evidence from this region, which allows the establishment of robust and evidence-based recommendations that are specific to Asian populations in the future. “
“In spite of continuing decreasing incidence, acute cellular rejection (AR) still represents an important medical challenge, especially in the setting of hepatitis C infection. Histological AR is more frequent than clinically relevant rejection.