Larger-scale, double-blind controlled studies will be helpful to investigate this promising approach further in this challenging patient group. Footnotes Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Conflicts of TWS119 chemical structure interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in preparing this article. Contributor Information Poornima Chandrappa, NSFT, Weavers Centre, Hellesdon Hospital, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK. Luk Ho, NSFT, Weavers Centre, Hellesdon Hospital, Norwich, UK.
Medication adherence in the maintenance phase of schizophrenia constitutes an important factor in the prevention

of illness relapse [Lacro et al. 2002]. Rates Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of poor or complete nonadherence to antipsychotic medications are higher on average in developing countries in comparison to Western cultures [World Health Organisation, 2003; James and Omoaregba, 2011]. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Reasons for the difference in these rates include beliefs about a spiritual causation for mental illness, stigma and poor psychosocial support [Lacro et al. 2002; Adewuya et al. 2009]. Antipsychotic depot long-acting injections (LAIs) were developed in the 1960s

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to improve medication adherence [Johnson, 2009]. The evidence suggesting that LAIs reduce the risk of rehospitalisation among individuals with schizophrenia has been examined and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical debated recently [Rosenheck et al. 2011]. Sampling bias, questionable comparisons of oral second-generation antipsychotics (oral SGAs) with first-generation antipsychotic injections (FGA-LAIs) and problems with blinding were all cited as factors limiting the strength of the evidence in a recent meta-analysis [Leucht et al. 2011]. However, a recent study overcoming most of these challenges showed that

use of LAIs reduced rehospitalisation rates in Finland [Tiihonen et al. 2011; Haddad et al. 2011]. The prescribing rates for LAIs by psychiatrists vary across countries of the world [Walburn et al. 2001; Patel and David, 2005]. Several factors have been associated with the variability in prescribing Thiamine-diphosphate kinase rates Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical across cultures, and include: attitudes of psychiatrists and nurses [Patel et al. 2003, 2005, 2010a; Heres et al. 2006; Harris et al. 2007], stigma [Jaeger and Rossler, 2010], side effects [Taylor, 2009] and compulsory community treatment legislation [Lambert et al. 2009; Patel et al. 2011]. Systematic reviews have identified a paucity of studies exploring the relationship between psychiatrists’ attitudes and willingness to prescribe LAIs [Waddell and Taylor, 2009; Besenius et al. 2010]. A recent study comparing trends in LAI prescribing between 2001 and 2006 among psychiatrists showed that stigmatising attitudes towards patients prescribed LAIs had declined over this period but that reported prescribing rates had not increased in spite of the availability of SGA-LAIs [Patel et al. 2010a].