Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens: Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. The 2 groups did not differ significantly

in the colonization of normal (P = .72) or pathogenic (P = .62) flora, in the duration of mechanical ventilation (P = .67), or in length of stay in the intensive care (P = .22).\n\nConclusion Use of chlorhexidine combined with nonpharmacological oral care did not decrease the PHA-848125 chemical structure colonization profile, duration of mechanical ventilation, or length of stay in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2009; 18: 319-329)”
“Objectives: To evaluate the prophylactic role of long-term ultra-low-dose acyclovir for varicella zoster virus (VZV) disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: We evaluated 141 patients who were planned to receive acyclovir at 200 mg/day until the end of immunosuppressive therapy and for at least 1 year after HSCT in our center between June 2007 and June 2012. Results: The cumulative incidence of VZV disease after HSCT was 4.5% at 1 year and 18.3% at 2 years. Protocol violation was the only independent significant factor

that increased the incidence of VZV disease (hazard ratio (HR) 7.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.60-15.63). Excluding patients with protocol violation, the discontinuation of acyclovir was the only significant factor for the development of VZV disease (HR 5.90, 95% CI 1.56-22.37). Six patients experienced breakthrough VZV disease, but four of these MK 2206 six had not taken acyclovir for several weeks before breakthrough VZV disease. On the other hand, the cumulative incidence of VZV disease after the cessation of acyclovir was 28.4% at see more 1 year and 38.0% at 2 years. The proportion of disseminated VZV disease was only 7% and no patient died directly of VZV disease. Conclusions: This study shows that long-term ultra-low-dose

acyclovir appears to be effective for preventing VZV disease, especially disseminated VZV disease, after allogeneic HSCT. We recommend continuing acyclovir until the end of immunosuppressive therapy and for at least 1 year after HSCT, but additional strategies such as the administration of varicella vaccine may be needed to eradicate VZV disease. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. All rights reserved.”
“Chen Z, Travers SP, Travers JB. Activation of NPY receptors suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission in a taste-feeding network in the lower brain stem. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R1401-R1410, 2012. First published April 18, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00536.2011.-Consummatory responses to taste stimuli are modulated by visceral signals processed in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNST) and ventrolateral medulla.