Categorical data were analyzed by Pearson (2) and continuous data by Wilcoxon test. Intravenous tPA use 3 hours after onset increased from 4.0% to 7.0% in all AIS admissions and 42.6% to 77.0% in AIS patients arriving 2 hours and fully eligible for tPA (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, tPA use increased over time, especially in those aged >85 years,

nonwhite, and with milder strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 0-4). Door-to-image CFTRinh-172 time (median 24 versus 20 minutes) and door-to-tPA time (median 81 versus 72 minutes) also improved, with approximate to 65% of tPA-treated patients getting brain imaging 25 minutes after arrival. Multivariable analysis showed that ARS-1620 with each additional calendar year, the odds that an eligible patient would receive tPA increased by 1.37-fold, adjusting for other covariates.

Conclusions The frequency of IV tPA use among all AIS patients, regardless of contraindications, nearly doubled from 2003 to 2011. Treatment with tPA has expanded to include more patients with mild deficits, nonwhite race/ethnicity, and

oldest old age.”
“Objectives: The aims of this study were to explore how image compression affects density, fractal dimension, linear and angular measurements on digital panoramic images and assess inter and intra-observer repeatability of these measurements.

Study Design: Sixty-one digital panoramic images in TIFF format (Tagged Image File Format) were compressed to JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) images. Two observers measured gonial angle, antegonial angle, mandibular cortical width, coronal pulp width of maxillary and mandibular first molar, tooth length of maxillary and mandibular first molar on the left side of these images twice. Fractal dimension Selleckchem ERK inhibitor of the selected regions of interests were calculated and the density of each panoramic radiograph as a whole were also measured on TIFF and JPEG compressed images. Intra-observer

and inter-observer consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. Paired samples t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the difference between the measurements of TIFF and JPEG compressed images.

Results: The repeatability of angular measurements had the highest Cronbach’s alpha value (0.997). There was statistically significant difference for both of the observers in mandibular cortical width (MCW) measurements (1st ob. p: 0.002; 2nd ob. p: 0.003), density (p<0.001) and fractal dimension (p<0.001) between TIFF and JPEG images. There was statistically significant difference for the first observer in antegonial angle (1st ob p<0.001) and maxillary molar coronal pulp width (1st ob. p<0.001) between JPEG and TIFF files.

Conclusions: The repeatability of angular measurements is better than linear measurements.