1 Investigations have indicated an association between PCOS and specific autoimmune diseases and autoantibody production.2-4 Although ovarian drilling by different methods has been indicated to increase ovulation and pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS,5 this procedure has the potency to stimulate more autoimmune reactions via tissue destruction and

cell injury.6 Production of thoroughly antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) is the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical hallmark of almost all autoimmune reactions. Inflammation, immune hyper-stimulation, and any procedure that is associated with tissue destruction might stimulate ANA production.7 To shed light on the issue of ANA production in PCOS patients and to investigate the effect of laparoscopic electrocauterization on the production of these autoantibodies,

in the present study we aimed to evaluate the serum level of ANAs in patients with PCOS and healthy fertile women, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and to compare the ANA level before and after laparoscopic ovarian electrocauterization. Subjects and Methods Thirty-five individuals diagnosed with infertility and PCOS (age range of 25-35 years) were recruited as the study group. PCOS was diagnosed according to the European Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)/American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) PCOS consensus workshop and Rotterdam.8 All the patients had received medical therapy such as Metformin (1500 mg/day for 3 months), Clomiphene citrate (150 mg/day from the fifth to ninth day of each cycle for 5 cycles), Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/day for 1 month), but without any response. The exclusion criteria were patients’ response to drug therapy and patients’ decision not to continue study. The control group comprised 35 fertile healthy women in the age range of 21 to 38 years, who experienced at least one pregnancy without any history of pregnancy loss or abdominal surgery and whose last child was delivered (by normal vaginal delivery) within one year before the study. The healthy control subjects had normal hormonal assay such as LH, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The two-puncture technique was used for laparoscopic

surgery. The study Ivacaftor msds protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and informed consent was obtained before sample collection. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (AESKULISA, Germany) was employed to evaluate the serum level of ANAs in the control Carfilzomib samples and in the patients before and one month after electrocauterization. Subtypes of ANAs were determined in the samples with high titers of ANAs (pre- or postoperative) by using a ELISA kit which was able to determine eight ANA subtypes: U1-RNA, Sn-ANP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, CenpB, and Jo-1 (AESKULISA, Germany). The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were smaller than 6% for all the assays performed. SPSS software package (SPSS 16.