The primary objectives of the study were to assess travelers’ perceptions of, and self-reported adherence to antimalarial medication. A secondary objective was to examine the reasons for the choice of antimalarial therapy from the perspective of prescriber and traveler. Results. For the primary end point of self-reported adherence specified as the proportion of antimalarial tablets prescribed that were actually taken, statistically significantly higher adherence overall and post-travel Selleckchem NVP-AUY922 was seen with atovaquone plus proguanil

compared with doxycycline. It was not possible to calculate the statistical significance of comparisons with mefloquine, but adherence to mefloquine appeared similar to or better than doxycycline and similar to atovaquone plus proguanil for categorical adherence. Effectiveness, side effects, previous experience of antimalarials, and dosing convenience were the main determinants of both travelers and practitioner’s choice of antimalarial. The practitioner’s recommendation was highly important for 63% of travelers. Conclusion. A shorter post-travel regimen has a significant impact on adherence

to antimalarial prophylaxis. A reassessment of the risk by travelers on returning home Antiinfection Compound Library cell assay may be a major contributor to this poor adherence. Between 1,300 and 2,000 cases of imported malaria (including between 6 and 16 fatalities) were reported in the UK each year for the period 1998 and 2008. The majority of cases (over 70%) were due to Plasmodium falciparum and contracted in areas where chloroquine-resistant P falciparum (crPF) is endemic.1 This is despite the fact that most cases are preventable with the proper use of chemoprophylactic agents.

The Advisory Committee on Malaria O-methylated flavonoid Prevention recommends three antimalarials, atovaquone plus proguanil (Malarone, GlaxoSmithKline)(At+Pro), doxycycline (eg Vibramycin, Pfizer) (Dxy) and mefloquine (Lariam, Roche)(Mfl) for the use in crPF malarious zones, and all are considered equally effective if used correctly.2 Unfortunately, many travelers fail to complete the full course of their medication. In 2005, 78% of reported cases of malaria, where prophylaxis history was known, had taken either no antimalarial medication or incorrect medication.2 Factors that influence adherence are therefore an important consideration for healthcare professionals (HCPs) when prescribing antimalarials. It has recently been suggested that an observed difference of effectiveness of agents from retrospective observational data may be explained by adherence issues.3 Choice of antimalarial may be an important factor.