Components include a treatment table with upper and lower high intensity

focused ultrasound transducers (A), B-mode ultrasound imaging system (B), and computer control system (C). In addition, … Animal studies All the preclinical in vivo studies of HIFU ablation of the pancreas utilized the swine model because of its size and anatomy relevance to humans (46)-(48). The animals were not bearing tumors in the pancreas, therefore, it was not possible to evaluate survival benefits of HIFU therapy; however, the main goal of these studies was to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of HIFU ablation of the pancreas. In the earliest study the pancreata of 12 common swine were successfully treated in vivo using the FEP-BY02 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical device, without any significant adverse effects such as skin burns or evidence for pancreatitis

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical during the 7-day post-treatment observation period (46). A subsequent study by another group utilizing the HAIFU device used both light microscopy and electron microscopy to confirm that complete necrosis is confined to the target regions with clear boundaries and no damage to adjacent tissues (47). Pancreatitis was an important safety concern because the mechanical effects of HIFU can cause cell lysis and release of pancreatic enzymes. Although the cavitation or boiling bubble activity Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical during HIFU was confirmed by electron microscopic examination (intercellular space widening and numerous vacuoles of different sizes in the cytoplasm), pancreatitis was not ABT-737 molecular weight observed thus confirming the safety of treatment protocol. Another preclinical study showed that a combined treatment Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of HIFU ablation followed by radiation therapy may be a promising method. The injury to the targeted pancreas was

increased compared to either modality alone, without additional injury outside of the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical targeted region (48). Clinical studies As mentioned above, most patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are considered inoperable and systemic chemotherapy has only modest effect. Development of effective local therapies and strategies for pain relief are both important aspect of managing these patients. HIFU has been first used for the palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer in an open-label study in China in 251 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (TNM stages Edoxaban II–IV) (49). HIFU therapy resulted in significant pain relief in 84% of the patients. In some cases significant reduction of tumor volume was achieved without any significant adverse effects or pancreatitis, which appears to have prolonged survival. Multiple nonrandomized studies that followed, mostly from China, provided additional evidence to show that HIFU does provide palliation of tumor-related pain and does not cause adverse effects (12)-(14),(50)-(56). The mechanism of pain relief in these patients is still unclear, but is hypothesized to result from thermal damage to the nerve fibers in the tumor.