Mexican-American children have a higher caries prevalence than the US average. The Mothers and Youth Access (MAYA) study was

a randomized clinical trial initiated to address this problem. Aim.  Comparison of the efficacy of two prevention interventions SB203580 in reducing early childhood caries (ECC). Design.  All 361 randomized mother–child dyads received oral health counselling. Beginning at 4 months postpartum, intervention mothers received chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse for 3 months beginning 4 months postpartum and children received fluoride varnish (FV) every 6 months from age 12–36 months. Control group children received FV if precavitated lesions developed. Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were assessed. Results.  No significant difference in children’s 36-month caries incidence between groups; 34% in each group developed caries [(d2+fs) > 0]. About half of control group developed precavitated lesions and received therapeutic FV. Maternal MS levels declined during CHX use, but increased when discontinued. Conclusions.  Maternal postpartum CHX regimen, oral health counselling and preventive child FV applications were not more efficacious than maternal counselling with child therapeutic FV for

precavitated lesions for ECC prevention. FV for young children with brief maternal CHX use and oral health counselling may need to be combined with additional or longer-term therapies to significantly reduce ECC in high-risk Staurosporine clinical trial populations. “
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 217–227 Objective.  learn more To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of three mixed antibiotics in the non-instrumentation endodontic treatment of primary mandibular molars at 24–27 months postoperatively. Methods. 

Eighty cariously involved lower primary molars from 58 children (ages 3–8 years) received a 3Mix medicament by non-instrumentation endodontic treatment and were then sealed with glass-ionomer cement and composite resin before permanent restoration with stainless steel crowns. The patients received a clinical and radiographic assessment every 6 months over a 2-year follow-up period with an intra-examiner reliability of 0.83–1.00 (κ value). Results.  In 60 cases at 24- to 27-month follow-up, the success rates as determined by clinical and radiographic evaluation were 75% and 36.7%, respectively; however, the overall success rate of 3Mix non-instrumentation endodontic treatment was 36.7% with 15.8% of cases demonstrating a pulpal response of internal resorption. Conclusions.  Non-instrumentation endodontic treatment using 3Mix-MP showed good clinical success but had a low success rate based on radiographic evaluation at 2-year follow-up. Hence, 3Mix antibiotic treatment cannot replace a conventional root canal treatment agent as a long-term therapy. “
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 397–405 Background.