Consequently, applications of modified electrodes in electrocatalysis and sensors have been enriched by the specific properties together of conducting polymers. These are e.g., polypyrrole, polyaniline and polythiophene. Their molecules contain conjugated systems which are the reason for electron mobility in the molecule. Among conductive electroactive polymers, polyaniline (PAni) [10�C13] and its derivatives [19] have been the most intensively prepared and also studied due to their unique properties, which are also favorable for their potential applications, such as chemical sensors and biosensors. However the electrochemical activity and stability of PAni are generally affected by a variety of solution conditions, such as electrolytes, solvents and pH.
For example, Mu [20,21] reported that PAni by itself reveals excellent redox functions only in acidic media, pH < 3, and this feature limits its broad use. Thus, the copolymerization of aniline with ring-substituted aniline derivatives has been studied in order to modify the desired properties of polyanilines. A different type of conductance exists in the redox polymers, where redox centres are inserted into the polymer. PAni containing many groups including alkyl (�CR), alkoxy (�COR), hydroxyl (�COH), amino (�CNH2) or halogens (�CX) and the position of substituents is expected to lead to significantly different chemical and physical properties from the parent polymer.The modified electrodes for chemical sensors are generally fabricated by incorporating various compounds such as biomolecular [22], organic [17] and organotransition-metal compounds [20,23�C26], either by physical or covalent attachment to the polymeric structure, in order to create novel electrochemical properties.
In the field of electrochemistry, ferrocene (Fc) [20,23] and its derivatives [25,26] have been widely incorporated into polymeric materials, due to their ability to display the high redox behavior of the ferrocene/ferricinium (Fc/Fc+) couple in organic and aqueous solvents, including ionic liquids. Ferrocene can be easily oxidized and reduced Dacomitinib reversibly. Due to their chemical versatility with high thermal stability, ferrocene moieties have been employed in a variety of applications [27�C30], but are the most commonly used as the electrochemical active species for chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) [31].
The main problem of ferrocene is its tendency http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sorafenib-Tosylate.html to be washed out of the matrix gradually [22,32]. In addition, ferrocene may be toxic and pollute to environment, if used on a large scale in the synthetic process for preparation of modified electrodes. Thus, it would be useful if the ferrocene could also be covalently bonded to the matrix, which is used to modify the conventional electrodes in order to investigate novel properties as mentioned above. Thus, in the present work, a poly(Ani-co-m-FcAni)/GCE electrode was electrochemically synthesized by using cyclic voltammetry.