An absorbance maximum for drug was 246 nm. Solutions of the drug in the mobile phase were injected directly for HPLC analysis and the responses (peak area) were recorded at 246 nm. The retention time of the drug was 3.7 min (Fig. 1). A chromatogram of the excipients is shown in Fig. 2. The system suitability was assessed by six replicate analyses of the drug at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The acceptance criterion was ±2% for the percent coefficient of variation (%CV) for the peak area and Luminespib retention time. The %CV of peak area and retention time for

drug is within 2% indicating the suitability of the system (Table 1). The plot of peak areas of each sample against respective concentration of pazufloxacin was found to be linear in the range of 12.5–150 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The regression Veliparib cost of acipimox concentration over its peak area was found to be Y = 36114.33X + 429.33, where Y is the mean peak area and X is the concentration of pazufloxacin. The precision of the method was demonstrated by repeatability and intermediate precision studies. In the repeatability studies, solutions of sample were repeated six times in a day and percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) for response factor was calculated. In the intermediate precision studies, injections of sample solutions were made on 2 consecutive days with two different analyst and %RSD were calculated. The results of precision studies

are expressed in Table 2. From the data obtained, the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be precise. The HPLC method was applied to quantify the drug from pharmaceutical formulation (injectable). The amount estimated is tabulated in Table 3.

Analytical recovery Levetiracetam studies were carried out from a series of spiked concentrations added to the preanalysed dosage form (Table 3). Limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated using standard deviation of the blank response and slope of calibration curve. The LOD for pazufloxacin was found to be 0.0147 μg/mL. The LOQ was 0.0446 μg/mL. The developed RP-HPLC method was simple, sensitive, precise and accurate and hence can be used in routine for the determination of pazufloxacin in pure as well as pharmaceutical preparations. All authors have none to declare. “
“Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen and causes variety of infections particularly urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, septicemia, and wound infections. 1, 2, 3 and 4 The overall prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospital intensive care units due to A. baumannii varies from 2 to 10%. 5 The mortality rate in patients suffering from A. baumannii infections is approximately 75%. 6 To date, most strains of A. baumannii have become increasingly resistant to almost currently available antibacterial agents used to treat A. baumannii infections due to the multidrug resistant (MDR) nature of this organism. 4 and 7 In past few years, carbapenem resistant A.

The responses from the questionnaires were analysed using chi squared tests. The ratings for treatment effectiveness, treatment worth, and tolerance were dichotomised into < 3 and ≥ 3 for between-group comparisons. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Analyses were conducted separately for the post-intervention and follow-up assessments. Missing data were not imputed. All analyses were performed according to ‘intention-to-treat’. A total of 356 patients were screened; 39 met the eligibility criteria but three declined to participate. Hence 36 were recruited and randomised: 31 (86%) had a stroke and 5 (14%) had a traumatic brain

injury. Table 1 outlines the demographic and neurological characteristics of the two groups. The flow of the participants through the trial is illustrated in Figure 2. Approximately 15 physiotherapists working in the participating Z VAD FMK units administered the electrical stimulation and usual care over the course of the trial. Adherence to the electrical stimulation was excellent and adherence to splinting was fair (Table 2). One participant in the experimental group participated in the program for only two days and then declined further electrical stimulation and splinting. He completed

all the assessments. Five other participants (two in the experimental group and three in the control group) had poor adherence to the splinting regimen (< 50% adherence). Twelve (33%) participants were unexpectedly discharged home before completion of the program, with seven before the post-intervention assessment and another five after the post-intervention assessment selleck screening library but before the follow-up assessment (six in the experimental group and six in the control group). In all but three cases, their families and carers were relied upon to continue the interventions. In the three cases that this was not possible, an experienced and trained research assistant visited the participants and provided the interventions according to the study protocol. All primary and secondary outcome measures are shown in Tables 3 and 4 (individual participant data are presented in Table 5 on the eAddenda).

science Both groups showed a mean loss in passive wrist extension over the 4-week intervention period (2 degrees in the experimental group and 9 degrees in the control group). The mean between-group difference at 4 weeks was 7 degrees (95% CI –2 to 15) in favour of the experimental group, which exceeded the pre-determined minimally important level of 5 degrees. However, the 95% CI reflected imprecision around this estimate. At follow-up 2 weeks later, the mean between-group difference was 3 degrees (95% CI –7 to 13) in favour of the control group. There were no convincing treatment effects at 4 or 6 weeks for any of the secondary outcomes although the mean (95% CI) between-group differences of the Global Perceived Effect of Treatment rated by the treating physiotherapists were 1 point (0 to 2) at Week 4 and 3 points (0 to 5) at Week 6.

Three out of seven vaccinated children were positive to unspecified A virus (one child) or A/H3N2 virus (two children) in the 2011–2012 season, Tariquidar cell line whereas the remaining four vaccinated cases in the 2012–2013 season were positive to B virus. Nine children (one case and eight controls) received two doses

of the vaccine in the same season (VE 79%; 95% CI: −57% to 100%). When the analysis was restricted to hospitalised children a higher estimate of VE, with respect to the overall, was obtained (53%; 95% CI −45% to 85%). Our study estimated around 40% reduction in visits to EDs and hospitalisations for ILI in children, although not statistically significant and with wide confidence intervals. Even though the confidence intervals of the estimates were largely overlapping, a slightly lower effectiveness was estimated in the second year. The four vaccinated cases in the 2012–2013 season were positive to the B virus. Data from our study and virological surveys performed in Italy [21] showed that the B/Yamagata lineage was circulating in the latter season (whereas B/Brisbane strain, belonging

to a different lineage, was included in the seasonal vaccine), which may explain the lower VE of the 2012–2013 vaccine with respect to the 2011–2012, when the A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) were mostly present. The matching between the vaccine and circulating strains of influenza season is a recognised factor influencing the VE [22]. The main limitation of the study derives from the low vaccination coverage observed in the Italian paediatric population (4% in the control group). This proportion was similar to that observed in Italy during the 2009 pandemic [23]. Due Venetoclax solubility dmso to the few vaccinated children it was not possible to perform stratified analyses by variables of interest, such as type of virus/vaccine, age groups, presence of chronic conditions and prior vaccination status. Assuming as true the estimate of efficacy in our study, to reach statistical significance we should have had (with alpha error of 5% and power 80%), either

a 25% proportion of vaccinated children or a study population of ILI larger than 4000. However, the number of children enrolled in our study is large in comparison with other recently published articles. In the I-MOVE study, the paediatric population (1–14 years) amounted to 512 children who were included in five PD184352 (CI-1040) European countries [24]. The adopted study design allows to control for the confounding effect of baseline clinical status. The reason relies on the definition of the control group, consisting of children who tested negative for the influenza virus vaccine [25]. It is well documented that several conditions increase the likelihood of developing an ILI and represent, at the same time, an indication for vaccination. In our study, case and control subjects were similar with reference to the prevalence of chronic conditions, but not for symptoms at onset.

Calibration was found to be linear over the selleck chemicals llc concentration range of 1.00–250.00 ng/mL. The precision was less than 5.30% and the accuracy ranged from 98.00% to 101.20%. The determination coefficients (r2) were greater than 0.9985 for all curves ( Table 1). The deviations of the back calculated values from the nominal standard concentrations were

less than 15%. Precision and accuracy for this method was controlled by calculating the intra and inter-batch variations at four concentrations (1.00, 3.00, 125.00 and 175.00 ng/mL) of QC samples in six replicates. As shown in Table 2, the intra-day precision was less than 4.07% and the accuracy ranged from 96.26% to 102.00%. Inter-day precision was less than 3.20% and the accuracy ranged from 98.27% to 102.00%. The inter-run, intra-run precision (% CV) was ≤15% and inter-run, intra-run accuracy was in between 85 and 115 for Acamprosate. All these results (Table 2) indicate the adequate reliability and reproducibility of this method within the analytical curve range. The recovery following the sample preparation using Solid Phase extraction method was calculated by comparing the peak area of Acamprosate in plasma samples with the peak

area of solvent samples. The recovery of Acamprosate was determined at three different concentrations 3.00, 125.00 and 175.00 ng/mL and found to be 89.19%, 101.72% and 99.48% respectively. The overall average recovery of Acamprosate and Acamprosate d12 and found to be 96.80% and 87.40% respectively. The mean back

selleck chemical calculated concentrations for 1/4 and 1/2 dilution samples were within 85–115% of their nominal. The % CV for 1/4 and 1/2 dilution samples were 3.4% and 3.5% respectively. Quantification of Acamprosate in plasma subjected to 3 freeze–thaw (−30 °C to room temperature) cycles showed the stability of the analyte. No ALOX15 significant degradation of Acamprosate was observed even after 73 h storage period in the autosampler tray, and the final concentrations of Acamprosate was between 99.33% and 100.84% of the theoretical values. In addition, the long term stability of Acamprosate in QC samples after 65 days of storage at −30 °C was also evaluated. The concentrations ranged from 99.67% to 99.96% of the theoretical values. These results confirmed the stability of Acamprosate human plasma for at least 65 days at −30 °C (Table 3). Acamprosate and Acamprosate D12 stability in stock solution was performed against freshly prepared stock solutions for 13 days. The % change for Acamprosate and Acamprosate D12 were −0.01% and 0.01%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Acamprosate in plasma samples for the purpose of establishing the bioequivalence of a single 333 mg dose (one 333 mg Tablet) in 14 healthy volunteers. Typical plasma concentrations versus time profiles are shown in Fig. 6. Plasma concentrations of Acamprosate were in the standard curve range and remained above the 1.

However, there is no data in the literature on the impact of hepatitis A universal vaccination program for such long time. The oldest programs have been implemented in the late 1990s [2] and [5]. In case of decline of protection over time, a shift in the age of new infections to older age groups, which may have more severe illness, may occur. In other economic studies, varying the rates of waning immunity in the sensitivity

analysis had no impact on cost-effectiveness ratio [34]. The hepatitis A vaccine is commercially available in single-dose vials, which reduces waste, but it occupies more space in the cold chain than vaccines presented in multi-dose vials. Additionally, due to recent introductions into the national childhood immunization schedule, of the 10-valent http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vorinostat-saha.html pneumococcal conjugate and meningococcal C conjugate vaccines, both also available in single dose vials, the cold chain is currently already under great Palbociclib stress. The introduction of a new vaccine in the program requires a preliminary assessment of the cold chain capacity and the required adjustments and investments, which were not considered in our analyses. The first dose of the vaccine was assumed to be administered simultaneously to other vaccines already incorporated by the National Immunization Program and would not require a new visit to the Vaccination Clinic, but the second

dose would require a specific visit. The transportation cost to the health center to receive the second dose of the vaccine was considered when the analysis is carried out from the society perspective. Indirect costs related to the vaccination process were not included in the analyses considering that the Brazilian Ministry of Health provides standing orders for routine children vaccination, which is administered by nurses in health centers near the families’ home; a pre-vaccination medical visit is not required and not usual; and the vaccination process is quick.

Therefore, parents do not usually lose a workday to vaccinate their children. Most Levetiracetam economic studies of hepatitis A vaccine showed favorable cost-effectiveness results. Universal childhood vaccination against hepatitis A was shown a cost-saving strategy in areas of higher incidence of disease in Argentina [29] and USA [35] and [36]. In China, the immunization program has proved to be cost-saving in areas of lowest, low, intermediate and high endemicity of hepatitis A [37]. In other contexts, the parameters that mostly influenced the results of economic evaluations were administration cost and cost per vaccine dose, followed by the incidence of disease and medical costs, as in this study. The regional analysis showed some differences in the impact of a universal hepatitis A vaccination program in Brazil. Greater reduction in the number of icteric cases and deaths are expected in the “North” area. The results of the South model were more robust than the North and national models.

5 h at 25,000 rpm at 4 °C. The inactivated whole virus vaccines were prepared by treating with 0.05% β-propiolactone (BPL) at 4 °C for 48 h. The vaccines in a splitted form were prepared by ether treatment, followed by 0.01% formalin inactivation. The inactivated vaccine antigens were verified for the absence of viral infectivity by serial passages in eggs. To determine HAI titers, mice sera were treated with a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) overnight and heat-inactivated for 1 h. The sera were

tested in 2-fold dilutions starting with an initial dilution of 1:10, and then admixed with 4 HA units of H7N9 or H7N7 viruses individually. After incubation at room temperature for 1 h, the fresh prepared 0.5% suspension of Turkey red blood cells was added and hemagglutination was assessed by observation after 1 h. HAI titer is defined as the reciprocal of the highest dilution that showed selleck products ≥50% inhibition of hemagglutination. A titer of 5 was recorded if no inhibition at

a serum dilution of 1:10. The detection of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers against influenza viruses were performed with a World Health Organization recommended protocol. Each RDE-treated serum performed two-fold serial dilutions in PDGFR inhibitor a 96-well microtiter plate was co-incubated with equal volume of virus diluents (100 TCID50/well) at 37 °C for 1 h and then added 1.5 × 104 Rutecarpine MDCK cell into each well to allow virus replication overnight at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator. After fixation of the cells, the presence of virus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with specific antibody against NP protein. After tracing with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and developed with TMB substrate, the absorbance was measured at 450 nm with a Multi-Detection Microplate Reader (Synergy HT, Bio-Tek). Untreated virus control (VC), uninfected cell control (CC), and back titration of virus infectivity are included on each plate. Half cell infection

was calculated by the following equation: X = (average OD of VC wells − average OD of CC wells)/2 + (average OD of CC wells). Microneutralization titer is expressed as the reciprocal of the highest serum dilution that showed ≤50% of the cells are infected. Six-weeks-old female BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with inactivated virus vaccines (based on HA content of 0.004 μg, 0.02 μg, 0.1 μg, 0.5 μg, 1.5 μg, or 3 μg) containing adjuvants or without adjuvants at weeks 0 and 2. AddaVAX is an oil-in-water emulsion, consisting of the 5% oil squalene, 0.5% Tween 80, and 0.5% Span-85 in a sodium citrate buffer, with a formulation similar to MF59 adjuvant (Norvatis). To prepare Al(OH)3-formulated vaccine, each dose of vaccine consisted of indicated amount of HA was mixed with 15 μg of Al(OH)3 in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.1), in a final volume of 50 μL.

X-ray diffractogram of pure candesartan [Fig. 4(a)] shows the peaks appearing at 10.2, 17.4, 20.5, 23.5 2θ values supporting crystalline nature of drug while the liquisolid powder X-ray diffraction pattern [Fig. 4(b)] showed only one sharp diffraction peak at 2θ angle of 22.5 belonging to Avicel PH 102, indicating that only Avicel PH 102 maintained its crystalline state.14 Such absence of candesartan cilexetil constructive reflections (specific peaks) in the liquisolid X-ray diffractogram indicates that drug has almost entirely converted from crystalline to amorphous or solubilized form. As shown in Fig. 5, Lumacaftor order DSC thermogram of the drug (A) depicts a sharp

endothermic peak at 164 °C corresponding to the melting transition temperature and decomposition candesartan cilexetil. Such sharp endothermic peak signifies that candesartan cilexetil used

was in pure crystalline state. On the other hand, physical mixture (B) and the liquisolid system (C) thermogram displayed complete disappearance of characteristic peak of candesartan cilexetil; a fact that agrees with the formation of drug solution in the liquisolid powdered system, i.e. the drug was molecularly dispersed within the liquisolid matrix. Such disappearance of the drug peak in formulation of the liquisolid system was in agreement with Mura et al15 who declared that the complete suppression of all drug thermal features, undoubtedly indicate the formation of an amorphous solid solution. The SEM outcomes presented in Fig. 6 Thymidine kinase further PCI-32765 proved the results of both DSC and XRD. The scanning electron micrographs illustrate that pure candesartan cilexetil has clearly crystalline nature as previously proven by the DSC and XRD, further, the photomicrographs of the final liquisolid system signify the complete disappearance of candesartan cilexetil crystals, a fact that indicates that the drug was totally solubilized in the liquisolid system. Thickness of liquisolid compacts ranged from 2.04 ± 0.09 to 6.65 ± 0.01 mm

and diameter of all the liquisolid compacts was found to be in the range of 12.34 ± 0.01 to12.37 ± 0.01 mm. Hardness was found to be in the range of 2.1 ± 0.41 to 5.9 ± 0.41 kg/cm2 as shown in Table 4. It is seen that as the amount of Avicel goes on increasing, hardness also increases. With decrease in R values, hardness was decreased. This low hardness could be attributed to the less amount of added Avicel and poor compressibility of Aerosil. The hydrogen bonds between hydrogen groups on adjacent cellulose molecules in Avicel PH 102 may account almost exclusively for the strength and cohesiveness of compacts according to Shangraw. 16 Weight variation test were performed as per IP.12 All the tablets were within the range of Pharmacopoeial specifications as shown in Table 5.

ont rapporté 9 cas d’HTP pré-capillaires modérées à sévères associées à la prise de dasatinib [20]. À 4 mois de l’arrêt du médicament, des améliorations hémodynamiques ont Y-27632 supplier été constatées chez 8 patients sur 9. À 9 mois, la plupart des patients n’avaient toujours pas une hémodynamique normale

malgré l’introduction d’un traitement spécifique pour l’HTAP et 2 patients étaient décédés [20]. Avec la découverte de 4 cas supplémentaires, le nombre total de cas déclarés en France est passé à 13. Tenant compte du nombre de patients potentiellement exposés au dasatinib en France (2900 patients), l’incidence la plus basse des HTAP associées au dasatinib est estimée à 0,45 %, ce qui représente plus que l’incidence des HTAP associées aux anorexigènes [20]. find more Les inhibiteurs de la recapture de la sérotonine (IRS) sont déjà des facteurs de risque reconnus pour l’hypertension pulmonaire persistante du nouveau-né (HTPPNN) – groupe 1”. Plusieurs études réalisées ces quinze dernières années ont démontré l’association entre leur utilisation par les femmes enceintes et l’incidence de l’HTPPNN. L’étude la plus récente, menée chez 30 000 femmes,

a montré que l’utilisation des IRS tard pendant la grossesse a été associée à une augmentation de 2 fois le risque de développement de l’HTPPNN [21]. Pour l’instant, il n’existe pas d’association entre l’utilisation des IRS et l’HTAP chez l’adulte. En analysant le Registre français des HTP, 53 patients avec une HTAP Metalloexopeptidase et une exposition à l’interféron (IFN) α ou β ont été retrouvés [22]. Quarante-huit patients avaient reçu de l’IFN-α pour une hépatite C chronique et avaient comme facteur confondant une infection VIH et/ou une hypertension portale [22]. Les 5 patients sous IFN-β le recevaient pour une sclérose en plaques et n’avaient pas de facteur de risque pour une HTAP [22]. En plus, 16 autres patients avec une HTAP et une infection avec le virus de l’hépatite C ont aggravé leur hémodynamique après l’introduction de l’IFN-α [22]. Le mécanisme potentiellement impliqué est une libération plus importante d’endothéline-1 par les cellules endothéliales pulmonaires suite au contact avec l’IFN, mais pour l’instant, compte tenu des nombreux facteurs

confondants, l’IFN a été retenu seulement parmi les causes possibles d’HTAP associées à la prise d’un médicament. D’autres médicaments ont été impliqués dans l’apparition de quelques cas d’HTAP sans que l’association soit certaine : les amphétamines et ses dérivés, les agents de chimiothérapie ou la phénylpropanolamine. Pour vérifier ces pistes et pouvoir détecter d’autres nouveaux produits potentiellement toxiques au niveau vasculaire pulmonaire, il est très important d’obtenir une histoire complète des expositions médicamenteuses pour chaque nouveau patient diagnostiqué avec une HTAP. Parmi les maladies du tissu conjonctif, la sclérodermie est la plus souvent associée à une HTAP avec une prévalence entre 7 et 12 % des patients sclérodermiques [23].

The median infant birth weight was 3.1 kg (IQR 2.95, 3.4). Seventy-one infants completed visit 10 (48 weeks) within the scheduled visit window, with one infant attending late, giving an overall retention of 99% at 48 weeks. There were no significant differences between the find more 2 groups at baseline ( Table 1). Most vaccinated infants had pain, redness

and hardness on day 1 and 2 post-vaccination (Table 2). One week post-vaccination, 1 infant had grade 1 pain, 2 had redness measuring 0.3 and 0.5 cm and 14 had hardness with median (range) diameter of 0.5 (0.1–1) cm. All these events had resolved by 8 weeks post-vaccination. Three infants had lymphadenopathy measuring 0.5 cm in 2 infants and 0.6 cm in 1 infant at

week 1; these resolved by week 8. Another infant had lymphadenopathy measuring 0.5 cm at week 8 (Table 2). As previously reported, 58% infants displayed hematologic toxicities pre-randomization [5]. However, there were no significant hematology or biochemistry differences between the vaccinees and controls post-vaccination (Table 3). There were 8 severe adverse events, 5 in the vaccine arm and 3 in the control arm. Among vaccinees, 1 infant had an upper respiratory tract infection, 2 had gastroenteritis, 1 had septicemia and 1 had a depressed skull fracture, while among controls, 2 infants had neutropenia and 1 had pneumonia (Table 4). None of these events were considered vaccine-related. A total of 262 ex vivo

selleck compound IFN-γ ELISPOT assays were conducted for 72 infants, with 18, 28, 14 and 12 infants tested at 5, 4, 3 and fewer time points, respectively. Results were also obtained for a total of 142 cultured assays from 51 infants with 39 and those 12 infants tested at 3 and 2 time points, respectively. Overall, no positive HIV-1-specific T-cell responses were detected using either of the IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, although transiently higher frequencies were detected in the MVA.HIVA arm (p = 0.002) in fresh ex vivo assays, but not above the threshold frequencies considered as a positive result (Supplementary Table S1). Note, that infants have up to 15-fold higher PBMC counts per 1 ml of peripheral blood compared to adults. KEPI vaccinations elicited protective antibody levels to Hib, poliovirus, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in a majority of the infants with no statistically significant differences between the two arms (Table 5). For HBV, immune response to vaccine differed between the two groups; 71% of MVA.HIVA arm subjects versus 92% of control subjects achieved protective antibody levels to HBV (≥10 mIU ml−1) 1 week post-vaccination (p = 0.05), reflecting the greater drop in levels in the MVA.HIVA arm between weeks 19 and 21 (p = 0.025). Infants’ blood was regularly tested for HIV-1-specific DNA or antibodies. Post-randomization, all infants remained HIV negative at repeated serial testing.

These findings indicate a possible beneficial effect of local vibration to improve muscle extensibility. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying this effect. We are grateful to those students who gave up their time to participate in the study. Ethics: The Semnan University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee approved this study. All participants gave written informed consent before data collection began. Support: The study received a grant from the Semnan University of Medical Sciences. “
“It

is possible to prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 diabetes by reducing lifestyle risk factors through moderate weight loss and increased physical activity. Several studies have shown that lifestyle changes that include exercise can significantly delay and possibly prevent diabetes (Tudor-Locke selleck chemical et al 2000, Wei et al 2000). Moreover, in people with Type 2 diabetes using insulin, a single bout of light exercise significantly reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia during the subsequent day by about 40% (Manders et al 2010). Also, considerable amounts of data have accumulated showing that muscle contraction triggers glucose uptake (for reviews see Dohm, 2002, Henriksen, 2002). In contrast, if good glucose

control is not achieved over time, prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to negative and severe outcomes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, this website neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, stroke, pressure ulcers, neuropathic wounds, loss of peripheral protective sensation, gangrene, limb amputation, and death. Notwithstanding the benefits derived from regular exercise, there are many people with Type 2 diabetes who do not exercise. For some individuals, the secondary found complications arising from diabetes (eg, lower limb neuropathies, lower limb amputations,

hypertension, kidney disease, and retinopathies) can either contraindicate exercise or make it more difficult. Also, many elderly people with Type 2 diabetes residing in extended care facilities are either extremely frail, wheelchair bound, or bed bound, and do not have sufficient physical work capacity to exercise aerobically and thus have problems maintaining euglycemia (Zarowitz et al 2006). Hence, for most of these patients, the physician is constrained to use a sliding-scale insulin plan in an attempt to control hour-to-hour glucose levels. Passive static stretching of the skeletal muscles may be a modality that could accrue the benefits of exercise without its accompanying physical stress. Passive static stretching occurs when sustained tension develops within a person’s muscle through actions performed by an outside source. Several studies, using either cell culture or isolated animal muscles, suggest that passive stretching of a person’s muscles could result in increased cellular glucose uptake.